Jim.+459-479

pp 459-479

Original accumulation of capital

capitalists save up from their own production

462: Verwertung, realisiert, Verwirklichung

Alienation

worker faces in production process

alien material, alien instrument, alien labor = alien property

“separated from the conditions of its life”

recognition of alienation/injustice an “enormous awareness”

Personal services: an exchange of use values; out capitalist revenues

demystification of professional services, professionals /Manifesto, Berman

466: “He has therefore bought the labor not as value-positing labor, but as an activity which creates utility, use value. In the case of personal services, this use value is consumed as such...”

Colorful language:

470: “The combination of this labor appears just as subservient to and led by an alien will and an alien intelligence -- having its animating unity elsewhere -- as its material unity appears subordinate to the objective unity of the machinery, of fixed capital, which, as animated monster, objectifies the scientific idea, and is in fact the coordinator, does not in any way relate to the individual worker as his instrument; but rather he himself exists as an animated individual punctuation mark, as its living isolated accessory.”

//Forms which precede capitalist production//

wage labor requires free labor (exchangable on the market) and a separation of labor from means of production

communal landownership - the community is based on the relationship to the land

pastoralism - “humankind is not settlement-prone”, clans

“a unity is realized in the form of the despot, the father of the many communities...”

surplus product goes to despot

“asiatic landforms”, “oriental despotism”

Marx the anthropologist

Asiatic: Slave, Romanian, Mexico, Peru, India, Celts Roman Germanic - which is pretty sketchy

The distinction between different kinds of communal property is unclear to me. It seems to hinge on how much power the collective has over the land, in the person of a despot, and how much power farmers have over the land. Marx the materialist seems to be saying that everything follows from the form of property. The form of tribute seems to be a variable here too.

479: “The history of classical antiquity is the history of cities, but of cities founded on landed property and on agriculture... the modern age is the urbanization of the countryside, not the ruralization of the city as in antiquity.”